NETA Personal Trainer Practice Exam

Upper Cross Syndrome is characterized by which of the following?

1. Excessive lumbar curvature and anterior pelvic tilt

2. Increased kyphosis and forward rounded shoulders

3. Hyperextended knees and lateral spine curvature

4. Flexion of the lumbar spine and flat thoracic spine

The correct answer is: Increased kyphosis and forward rounded shoulders

Upper Cross Syndrome is primarily characterized by increased kyphosis and forward rounded shoulders. This condition commonly arises from muscular imbalances in the upper body, where certain muscle groups become tight and overactive, while others become weak and underactive. In this case, tightness typically develops in the chest muscles (pectoralis major and minor) and the upper trapezius, leading to a rounded shoulder posture. Simultaneously, there is weakness in the deep cervical flexors and the lower trapezius, which fails to adequately stabilize the shoulder blades and head, resulting in a forward head posture. This understanding is essential for personal trainers as it provides insight into how to identify and address postural issues in clients, ultimately guiding programming that focuses on strengthening weak areas while promoting flexibility in overactive muscles. Recognizing the traits of Upper Cross Syndrome allows for more effective corrective strategies in exercise design, ensuring clients can improve their posture and overall movement efficiency.